Bibliography and Helpful Resources: Diversity in Early Music

Compiled by: Nicole Baker, Ph.D.; Artistic Director, Jouyssance Early Music Ensemble

Women Composers before 1700

Mostly choral composers, although those working much after 1600 incorporated monody into their works.

• Kassia (810-before 867)

• Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179)

• Suor Leonora d’Este (1515-1575)

• Maddalena Casulana (1544-1590)

• Leonora Orsini (?1560-1634 )

• Raffaella Aleotta (c.1570-after 1646)

• Vittoria Aleotta (c.1575-after 1620)

• Claudia Sessa (c.1570-1613 to 1619)

• Sulpitia Cesis (?1577-after 1619)

• Paola Massarenghi (fl. 1585)

• Francesca Caccini (1587-after 1637)

• Catarina Assandra (c..1590-after 1618)

• Alba Trissina (c.1590-after 1638)

• Lucrezia Orsini Vizzana (1590-1662)

• Francesca Campana (d.1665)

• Chiara Margarita Cozzolani (1602-1676/78)

• Barbara Strozzi, (1619-1677)

• Isabella Leonarda (1620-1704)

• Maria Xavier Perucona (c.1652-after 1709)

Helpful Books and Score Anthologies relating to Women Composers before 1700

Bowers, Jane and Judith Tick, editors. Women Making Music: the Western Art Tradition, 1150–1950. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 1987

Briscoe, James R., editor. New Historical Anthology of Music by Women. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2004.

Glickman, Sylvia, and Martha Furman Schleifer, editors. From Convent to Concert Hall, A Guide to Women Composers. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2003.

Kendrick, Robert L. Celestial Sirens, Nuns and their Music in Early Modern Milan. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996.

Monson, Craig. Divas in the Convent. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012.

Montford, Kimberlyn. “Holy Restraint: Religious Reform and Nuns' Music in Early Modern Rome.” The Sixteenth Century Journal 37 (Winter, 2006): 1007-1026.

Pendle, Karen, editor. Women and Music: A History. Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 2001.

Sadie, Julie Anne and Rhian Samuel, editors. The Norton/Grove Dictionary of Women Composers. New York: W.W. Norton, 1995.

Schleifer, Martha Furman and Silvia Glickman, editors. Women Composers: Music through the Ages. New York: Prentice Hall International, 1996. Vol. 1: Born before 1599; Vol. 2: Born between 1600 and 1699.

Stras, Laurie. Women and Music in 16th Century Ferrara. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019.

Helpful websites relating to women composers

http://www.amodernreveal.com: Dedicated to women composers

http://www.hildegard-society.org/p/home.html: All about Hildegard

http://www.donne-uk.org: Database of women composers from ancient times to today

https://www.hildegard.com/: Publishing company dedicated to women composers, with good collection of Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque eras.

https://musicasecreta.com/: Dedicated to early choral music, with particular focus on convent music, especially Suor Leonora d’Este

https://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Main_Page

Vicente Lusitano (d. after 1561)

Italian priest, composer and music theorist of African descent, and the first to be published.

Bibliography

Alves Barbosa, Maria Augusta. Vicentius Lusitanus: ein portugiesischer Komponist und Musiktheoretiker des 16. Jahrhunderts. Lisbon: Estado da Cultura, 1977

Canguilhem, Philippe. “Singing upon the book according to Vicente Lusitano.” Early music history. 30 (2011) 55-103.

Stevenson, Robert. Vicente Lusitano : New Light in his Career. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1962.

Scores

Available at https://imslp.org/wiki/Category: Lusitano,_Vicente

https://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Main_Page

Latin American-born Composers

• Fabián Perez Ximeno (c.1595-1654)

• Francisco López Capillas (c. 1615 – 1673)

• Juan de Lienas (fl. 1617–54)

• Juan García de Zéspedes (c. 1619–1678)

• Antonio de Salazar (c.1650-1715)

• Manuel de Sumaya (1678–1755)

Spanish/Portuguese Composers who emigrated to Latin America

• Gutierre Fernández Hidalgo (c. 1547-1623)

• Pedro Bermúdez (c.1558-1605)

• Juan Gutiérrez de Padilla (c. 1590-1644)

• Hernando Franco (1532-1585)

• Gaspar Fernandes (c. 1570-1629)

• Juan de Araujo (1646-1712)

Helpful Books relating to Latin American Composers before 1700

Robert Murrell Stevenson (1916-2012) published Inter-American Music Review twice a year from 1978 until 2000, with a brief revival in 2008. It continues to be an invaluable resource for scores and scholarship, and available at most university libraries. He also authored over two dozen books, countless articles and reviews, etc. on music of Spain, the United States, and Latin America, including:

• “Historic Latin composers of African descent: A keynote address.” CBMR Digest. 10 (Fall, 1997): 6-8.

• “Music in the Catedral de México: 1600–1750,” Revista musical chilena. 19 (April-June, 1965) 11-31.

• “Latin American music bibliography.” In Libraries, History, Diplomacy, and the Performing Arts: Essays in honor of Carleton Sprague Smith. Stuyvesant: Pendragon Press, 1991.

• Music in Aztec and Inca Territory. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1968.

• Music in Mexico: A Historical Survey, 4th edition. New York: Crowell, 1980.

• “The Afro-American legacy (to 1800), The Musical Quarterly 54 (October, 1968): 475-502.

• “The first new world composers: Fresh data from peninsular archives,” Journal of the American Musicological Society 23 (Spring, 1970): 95-106.

• Renaissance and Baroque Musical Sources in the Americas. Washington, D.C.: Organization of American States, 1970.

• "Sixteenth- and seventeenth-century resources in Mexico: Part I." Fontes artis musicae 1, no. 2 (1954): 69-78.

• "Sixteenth- and seventeenth-century resources in Mexico: Part 2." Fontes artis musicae 2, no. 1 (1955): 10-15.

• "Sixteenth- through eighteenth-century resources in Mexico: Part 3." Fontes Artis musicae 25, no. 2 (1978): 156-187.

• The Music of Peru: Aboriginal and Viceroyal Epochs. Washington, D.C.: Pan American Union, 1960.

Beyond Robert Stevenson

Allende Goitía, Noel. “The Mulatta, the Bishop, and Dances in the Cathedral: Race, music, and power relations in seventeenth-century Puerto Rico.” Black Music Research Journal 26 (September 2006): 137–64.

Baker, Geoffrey. “The ‘ethnic villancico’ and racial politics in 17th-century Mexico.” In Devotional music in the Iberian world (1450–1800): The villancico and related genres, edited by Tess Knighton and Álvoro Torrente. 399–408. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007.

Baker, Geoffrey. Imposing Harmony: Music and Society in Colonial Cuzco. Durham: Duke University Press, 2008.

Baker, Geoffrey and Tess Knighton, editors. Music and Urban Society in Colonial Latin America. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

Barwick, Steven. “Mexico.” In The Early Baroque Era: From the Late 16th Century to the 1660s, edited by Curtis Price, 349–60. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1993.

Barwick, Steven. "Sacred vocal polyphony in early Mexico." Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University, 1949.

Béhague, Gerard. “Music in the 'new world': The Baroque in Mexico and Brazil.” In The world of Baroque music: New perspectives, edited by George B. Stauffer. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2006.

Béhague, Gerard. Music in Latin America: An introduction. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1979.

Brill, Mark. Music of Latin America and the Caribbean, 2nd edition. New York: Routledge, 2018.

Brill, Mark. “Style and evolution in the Oaxaca Cathedral, 1600-1800.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Davis, 1998.

Brothers, Matthew Grey. “The polyphonic Passion in seventeenth-century Mexico.” Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara, 2001.

Cashner, Andrew Aaron.. “Faith, hearing, and the power of music in Hispanic villancicos, 1600–1700.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Chicago, 2015.

Catalyne, Alice Ray. “Music of the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries in the Cathedral of Puebla, Mexico,” Anuario/Yearbook/Anuário 2 (1966): 75-90.

Catalyne, Alice Ray. "The double-choir music of Juan de Padilla, sixteenth-century composer in Mexico." Ph.D. dissertation, University of Southern California, 1953.

Chase, Gilbert. A Guide to the Music of Latin America. Washington D.C.: Pan American Union, 1962.

Cózatl, Jorge. “Mexican choral composers: A brief history.” The Choral Journal 54 (March 2014): 42–47.

Crawford, David E., and Grayson Wagstaff, editors. Encomium Musicae: Essays in Memory of Robert J. Snow. Hillsdale: Pendragon Press, 2002. [Several helpful articles and essays in this collection]

Favila, Cesar D. “The sound of professional ceremonies in Novohispanic convents,” Journal of the Society for American Music 13 (May, 2019): 143-170.

Ficher, Miguel, Martha Furman Schlieffer, John Furman. Latin American Classical Composers : a Biographical Dictionary., 2nd Edition. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, 2002.

Illari, Bernardo. "Polychoral culture: Cathedral music in La Plata (Bolivia), 1680-1730." Ph.D. dissertation, University of Chicago, 2001.

Knighton, Tess, Bernadette Nelson, Ivan Moody, Luis Gago, editors. Pure gold: Golden Age Sacred Music in the Iberian World—A Homage to Bruno Turner. Series: DeMusica, No. 15.

Reichenberger: Kassel, 2011. [Many helpful articles and essays in this collection]

Mann, Kristin Dutcher. The Power of Song and Dance in the Missions of Northern New Spain. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 2010.

Moore, Robin Dale and Walter Clark. Musics of Latin America. New York: W.W. Norton, 2012.

Pedelty, Mark. Musical Ritual in Mexico City: From the Aztec to NAFTA. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2004.

Pointer, Richard W. “The Sounds of Worship: Nahua music making and Colonial Catholicism in sixteenth-century Mexico.” Fides et Historia: Journal of the Conference on Faith and History 34 (June 2002): 25–44.

Ramos-Kittrell, Jesús A. Playing in the Cathedral : Music, Race, and Status in New Spain. New York: Oxford University Press, 2016

Russell, Craig. From Serra to Sancho: Music and Pageantry in the California Missions. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.

Russell, Craig H. "The Mexican Cathedral Music of Ignacio de Jerúsalem: Lost treasures, royal roads, and New Worlds." Revista de Musicología 16, no 1 (1993): 99-133.

Schleifer, Eliyahu Arieh. "The Mexican Choirbooks at the Newberry Library (Case Ms VM 2147 C 36)." Ph.D. dissertation, University of Chicago, 1979.

Snow, Robert J. “Guatemala.” Revista de Musicología 16 (1993): 1209–15.

Spiess, Lincoln B., and Thomas Stanford. An Introduction to Certain Mexican Musical Archives. Detroit: Information Coordinators, 1969.

Tiemstra, Suzanne Spicer. The Choral Music of Latin America: A Guide to Compositions and Research. Westport: Greenwood, 1992,

Tomlinson, Gary. The Singing of the New World: Indigenous Voice in the Era of European Contact. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

Torrente, Álvaro, editor. História de la música en España e Hispanoamérica No. 3. Madrid: Fondo de Cultura Económicam, 2016.

Wagstaff, George Grayson. "Music for the Dead: Polyphonic settings of the Officium and Missa pro defunctis by Spanish and Latin American composers before 1630." Ph.D. dissertation, University of Texas, 1995.

Anthologies and sources of Latin American Music

Tesoro de la música polifónica en México is a multi-volume series of scores by composers working in Mexico in the 16th through 18th centuries. Accessible through most university libraries.

Includes some of the volumes below, plus more.

Craig Russell has also published many editions of Baroque music from New Spain, which are available from your favorite sheet music dealer.

The publisher Vanderbeek & Imrie has produced many editions of Latin American music, with many edited by Bruno Turner for its Mapa Mundi series. https://www.mapamundimusic.com/

Selected sources

Agurto y Loaysa, Joseph de and Juan de Baeza Saavedra, 13 obras de la colección J. Sanchez Garza. Mexico] Centro Nacional de Investigación, Documentación e Información Musical (CENIDIM), 1981.

Alcázar, Miguel, Jesús Estrada and Thomas Stanford. La música de México. III, Antología. 1, Período virreinal. Mexico: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas,1987.

Andreo, Dante (?), Hispanoamerica : muúsica de la época virreinal. [Segovia] : Federacíon Coral de Castilla y León, [1992] Multiple volumes.

Bal y Gay, Jesus and Carlos Chávez, El códice del Convento del Carmen. Mexico : Instituto nacional de bellas artes, 1952.

Barwick, Steven. Two Mexico City choirbooks of 1717: an anthology of sacred polyphony from the cathedral of Mexico. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1982.

Barwick, Steven. The Franco codex of the Cathedral of Mexico. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1965.

Bermúdez, Egberto and Neil Jenkins. Antologa de msica religiosa, siglos XVI-XVIII : Archivo

Capitular Catedral de Bogotá. Bogotá: Presidencia de la Repblica de Colombia 1988.

Cárdenas, Juan Manuel Lara, editor. Obras (Francisco Lopez Capillas). Mexico : CENIDIM, 1993.

Cárdenas, Juan Manuel Lara. Obras (Hernando Franco). México : Instituto Nacional de Bellas Arts, Centro Nacional de Investigación e Información Musical Carlos Chávez, 1996.

Cashner, Andrew. Villancicos about music from seventeenth-century Spain and New Spain. New York: Society for Seventeenth-Century Music, 2017. https://www.sscm-wlscm.org/

Cashner, Andrew. Villancicos about music from seventeenth-century Spain and New Spain. New York: Society for Seventeenth-Century Music, 2021 https://www.sscm-wlscm.org/

Choir book from the Convento de Santa Inéz. Mexico City, Biblioteca Nacional de Antropología e Historia, 1627.

Claro, Samuel. Antología de la música colonial en América del Sur. Caracas : Fundación Vicente Emilio Sojo, 1994.

Davies, Drew Edward, editor. Villancicos from Mexico City. Middleton, Wisconsin : A-R Editions, Inc., 2019.

Johnson, Robert Manley. The Magnificats of Francisco Lopez Capillas (1615?-1673) : Mexico City

Cathedral maestro di capilla. D.M.A. Thesis, Arizona State University, 1990.

Lehnhoff, Dieter, editor. Las misas de Pedro Bermúdez. Ciudad de Guatemala : Universidad

Rafael Landívar, Instituto de Musicología, 2001.

Lehnhoff, Dieter. Choral music from Guatemala : for SATB choir. Niedernhausen : Edition Kemel, 2008.

Lehnhoff, Dieter, editor. Música coral de Guatemala. Vol. 1. 14 obras breves de polifonía latina. Guatemala : Editorial Cultura, 2005.

Muñoz, Carmen García. Antología. Buenos Aires : Instituto de Investigación Musicológica Carlos Vega, 1991.

Palacios, Mariantonella and and Aurelia Tello, editors. Tres cuadernos de navidad by Juan

Gutierrez de Padilla Caracas : Fundación Vicente Emilio Sojo : Consejo Nacional de la Cultura: 1998.

Roldán, Waldemar Axel. Antologia de música colonial americana. Buenos Aires : W.A. Roldán, 1986.

Quiñones, Jaime González. Villancicos y cantatas mexicanos del siglo XVIII. México : Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Escuela Nacional de Música, 1990.

Ramirez Ramirez, Felipe. Tesoro de la música polifonica in Mexico. Mexico: Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes (Mexico). Departamento de Muúsica, 1952.

Snow, Robert J.. editor. A New-World Collection of Polyphony for Holy Week and the Salve Service: Guatemala City, Cathedral Archive, Music MS 4. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996.

Snow, Robert J., editor. Fernandes, Gaspar. Obras Sacras. Portugaliae Musica. Lisboa: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1990.

Stevenson, Robert. Christmas music from Baroque Mexico. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1974.

Stevenson, Robert. Seventeenth-Century Villancicos from a Puebla Convent Archive Transcribed with Additional Added Parts for Ministriles. Lima: Ediciones Cultura, 1974.

Stevenson, Robert. Latin American Colonial Music Anthology. Washington, D.C.: General Secretariat, Organization of American States, 1975.

Tello, Aurelio, editor. Archivo Musical de la Catedral de Oaxaca : antología de obras. Mexico: CENIDIM. 1990.

Tello, Aurelio and Juan Manuel Lara Cárdenas. Cancionero musical de Gaspar Fernandes. La

Habana, Cuba : Fondo Editorial Casa de las Americas, 2001.

Helpful websites, etc.

https://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Main_Page

https://www.sscm-wlscm.org/ (Editions of Latin American music and works by Women Composers)

http://www.latinamericanchoralmusic.org/: A work in progress that has a searchable index

https://www.singers.com/choral/latin-american/: A compilation of recordings of early music by Latin American composers.

https://www.hyperion-records.co.uk/dc.asp?dc=D_CDA30030

Early Music America:

https://www.earlymusicamerica.org/resources/resources-for-diversity-in-early-music-repertoire/

Includes and extremely helpful PDF of Black and Brown composers of Baroque (and some Renaissance) Latin America